The scapula has its own set of joint actions: The shoulder girdle has a set of joint actions specific to motion of the scapula. Although this may seem like just another set of confusing terms to ...

Learn about protraction, retraction, elevation, depression, upward rotation, etc., along with all of the muscles responsible for these joint actions. The scapula has its own set of joint actions: The ...

Here are a few fitness terms you might hear at a gym, in a fitness video, or from a physiotherapist: protraction, retraction, elevation, and depression. Add to this the upward rotation, and a downward ...

4 Department of Physical Therapy, Sapporo Medical University, Hokkaido, Japan Background The scapular resting alignment is one of typical quantitative clinical evaluation of the scapular kinematics.

Background: It is important to deal with the scapula when developing rehabilitation strategies for the shoulder complex. This requires clinical measurement tools that are readily available and easy to ...