image: Enzyme substrate specificity involving material conversion processes is pertinent to e.g. biochemistry, metabolic engineering, and environmental remediation; however, it is one of the most ...

Scientists first observed the biological phenomenon of restriction and modification in the 1950s, but they did not identify and isolate restriction enzymes until the late 1960s. 3 In 1970, Hamilton ...

CHAMPAIGN, Ill. — By combining artificial intelligence with automated robotics and synthetic biology, researchers at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign have dramatically improved performance ...