Objectives: Bronchoalveolar lavage obtained at bronchoscopy is useful for research on pulmonary defence mechanisms. Bronchoscopy involves some discomfort and risk to subjects. We audited the process ...

Fiberoptic bronchoscopy involves various topical airway anesthesia protocols, which can impact patient comfort, procedural ease, and overall outcomes. This study aimed to compare pre-procedure ...

Flexible bronchoscopy is an invasive procedure that is utilized to visualize the nasal passages, pharynx, larynx, vocal cords, and tracheal bronchial tree. It is utilized for both the diagnosis and ...

Bronchoscopy has been performed in infants, children, and adolescents by pediatric surgeons and specialists for > 50 years. Until the 1980s, the approach was almost exclusively via the rigid ...