A METHOD of measuring the refractive index of living cytoplasm by phase-contrast microscopy was recently developed by Dr. R. Barer and his associates 1,2. This method consisted essentially of ...

Utilizing Index of Refraction Monitors in Biopharmaceutical Downstream Processing and Purification When the FDA published the 2003 document, “Pharmaceutical Current Good Manufacturing Practices (CGMPs ...

Ellipsometry is a non-destructive, optical measurement technique that characterizes the optical properties of thin films. It is highly sensitive to changes in the thickness and refractive index of the ...