Each chemical reaction involves an enthalpy change that leads to a change in temperature. The amount of substance converted during the reaction determines the increase (i.e. exothermic reaction) or ...

It is thought that without the use of fertilizers, around half of the world’s population could not be supported 1. In the modern world, agriculture at a significant scale without fertilizers is no ...

This lab includes the complete titration procedure used to investigate how well a buffer resists changes in pH. Prepare a buffer solution by accurately calculating and measuring the required amounts ...

This presentation will focus on revising some of the key topics in A-Level acid-base chemistry, e.g. definitions, calculating pH, acid-base titrations, titration curves and buffer solutions as ...

This presentation will focus on revising some of the key topics in A-Level acid-base chemistry, e.g. definitions, calculating pH, acid-base titrations, titration curves and buffer solutions as ...

M. Sakurai, T. Imai, F. Yamashita, K. Nakamura, T. Komatsu, and T. Nakagawa, Polym. J., 25, 1247 (1993). K. J. Liu and H. P. Gregor, J. Phys. Chem., 69, 1248 (1965 ...

The Nature Index 2025 Research Leaders — previously known as Annual Tables — reveal the leading institutions and countries/territories in the natural and health sciences, according to their output in ...